How is subjectivity (race, class & gender) constructed and put to use Essay

How is subjectivity (race, class and sexual orientation) built and put to use through Fiesta Explain utilizing explicit models from Horton just as Gathering Up - Essay Example Subjectivity is a social mode that comes to fruition through numerous connections inside society. It is a procedure of individualization just as of socialization as the individual is rarely detached; rather they are perpetually captivating in cooperations with the world. It is formed by and shapes different things, for example, the economy and even networks. A typical impact on an individual is whereby they experience culture stun, where subjectivity of the other culture is viewed as outsider or antagonistic. Since society depends on bunch cooperations, regular implications take into account basic casings that they can allude to when conveying a given subject (Horton, 2010). They are gotten from every individual understanding their abstract encounters and giving numerous parts of importance. Since 1712, the occupants of Santa Fe have recollected how they were expelled in the Pueblo Revolt yet figured out how to advance back. The pioneers restored themselves and returned to their underlying foundations. Today, La Fiesta de Santa Fe is viewed as probably the most established festival in the country. Its underlying foundations go back to when a general haggled with the Indians who involved Santa Fe to permit Spanish pioneers to return. He, being a strict man implored by a little rule of Virgin Mary and guaranteed that if the pioneers were permitted back, they could always remember her mediation. For some time, the guarantee was not kept up until a Lieutenant Governor interceded. The Santa Fe Fiesta, Reinvented gives another viewpoint to the dubious personality arrangement of the Mexico’s Hispanos. The book cautiously focuses on the emblematic activity of the occasion and investigates sex, time, family history and sexuality which are the premise of the social patriotism. As the Hispanos were to a great extent minoritized in the Santa Fe, their elites kept on concocting and re-make the foru social associations that

Music Lesson for Visually Impaired Children in Schools

â€Å" The term ‘visual harm ‘ alludes to individuals with unretrievable sight misfortune † ( Open University, 2006 ) . In any case, this class of individuals who require specific guidance requests ( SEN ) other than incorporates individuals whose harm can be recuperated after clinical guide. As a rule, an individual is non viewed as outwardly hindered when vision is conceivable with the guide of spectacless or contact focal points. Visual harm can be caused after familial breakdown and visual damage to the oculus before birth, after birth and during life expectancy ( Miller and Ockelford, 2005 ) . There are 1.5 million children worldwide that experience the ill effects of visual harm. There are numerous oculus conditions that can do visual harm in kids. Amongs them are Albinism, Cataracts, Coloboma, Cortical visual harm ( CVI ) , Glaucoma, Nystagmus, Optic nervus upsets, Retinopathy of rashness and Retinitis pigmentosa ( Miller and Ockelford, 2005 ) . There are a few factors that can affect the outwardly impairer ‘s capacity to get by with their status and guide better. The authority healer ‘s backing can be a significant impact, and the family ‘s mentality has a significant bit as great. Moreover, cultural and enthusiastic security has been demonstrated to be truly of import.Music and the non-expert music educators and the SEN kidsMusic can regard each kind of specific guidance request without even the suitable perception of the music teachers. Since the head must be profoundly vigilant all the clasp, causes strained quality. Loosening up music can reduce tensenesss degrees ( Kersten, 1981 ) . Scientists in the nation of music found that music can deliver hearing each piece great as quiver. Elizabeth May ( 1961 ) has discovered that hard of hearing children can encounter music through quivers, and execute in an alone way. Blending to Zimmerman ( 1997 ) , music can enchant affirmation, create yearning and fulfillment, in single and gathering work inside the school condition. Music exercise over the span of study is extremely of import since it assists with propelling self usefulness in kids. It encourages unwinding and cheerfulness in contrasting and the treatments and different exercises that the children are educated. Besides, kids with specific guidance requests may contrast themselves and different children in the schoolroom. In any case, during the music exercise they are allowed to slacken up and participate each piece. In add-on to that, music can enchant innovativeness for the children with specific guidance requests. Kersten ( 1981 ) has shown that, â€Å" Music gives an of import tasteful part to the lives of located people † ; subsequently, VI students can make originative degrees through melodic exercises. In the occurrence of non-located children, music toys can be extremely useful since located children have vision as the principal tangible so as to pick up objects and especially toys. Moreover, these understudies can play a cadenced instrument and deliver consistent beat, and participate in music composings. When all is said in done, a non-located individual can spread out life encounters by the use of different faculties. Visually impeded individuals utilize sound as a way to balance their loss of vision. Going to shows is ever agreeable in light of the fact that they can to the full participate like every other person in the crowd. It is extremely significant how this signifier of correspondence can follow up on their sentiments of confidence. The greater part of the outwardly hindered are listeners, yet some of them are progressively associated with music by executing or in any event, creating. Non-master music teachers have an extraordinary obligation when teaching kids with specific guidance requests. Despite the fact that, they are non prepared to cognize a way to react within the sight of any activity, or, how to gain proficiency with a vocal to each extraordinary example of specific guidance request, the music teacher is of import to be educated and take the fitting readiness refering how to get familiar with the child. Being discerning of the fundamental indications the children show is one way to learn them.The Music educator in contrasting and the Music healerThere are numerous contrasts between the music instructor and the music healer. â€Å" Music treatment and music guidance are recognizable subjects and have separate evaluation requests † ( Patterson, 2003 ) . Patterson ( 2003 ) brings up that the healer and the teacher are two unique analogs. The educator is the individual dependable to learn music ; on the different manus the healer tends to cultural a nd informative achievements through music. At the end of the day, the motivation behind the music teacher is to deliver music, the reason for the music healer is to flexibly an improvement in mental and physical wellbeing through music. These two capacities ought to non be confounded. In any case, there are some continuous misinterpretations that music teachers and healers are set abouting a similar planning, and they are providing similar administrations. What is the capacity of the music educator? VI kids frequently visit either a healer or a music healer ; thus, music teacher is non mindful T O treat the child however to learn music with respect to different children. The music exercise should gracefully delight to the children and in the event that they are dealt with something else, that may do negative sentiments and accentuation. Kids with creature or physical harms can go truly talented instrumentalists, and the educator ought to keep up that in head and handle them each piece. Fitting to Patterson ( 2003 ) , music educators can team up with music healers, through crowds or in-administration arrangement. This obliges the opportunity for music teachers to larn new methods and plans. They can be educated and refreshed refering the potential employments that a specific guidance request child will stand up to in a standard school.Children with visual harm in standard schoolsIn the standard school, a cluster of difficulties may be a deterrent for a VI kid. First of entirely, the child may hold inconvenience perusing notes from the board on account of â€Å" misshapening of profundity perceptual experience, shading perceptual experience, what is being seen and seen † ( Arter et.al, 1999 ) . Besides, the child may non have the option to think to approach and far separations, and this may do visual exhaustion to the child. These employments can be fathomed by providing more clasp to treat the visual data. There are numerous slants refering the school condition ‘s work. A few people bolster the idea that the school should offer security for disabled individuals. Be that as it may, others can't help contradicting this, bearing only hardly any means ought to be taken so as to support them. Blending to Patterson ( 2003 ) , numerous teachers have expressed that they do non experience arranged to cover with kids with larning inconveniences. An investigation of present day mainstreaming designs in the southern United States bolster this ( Music Educators Journal 58, April 1972 ) . Moreover Jaquiss ( 2005 ) has gathered a few proclamations by music educators that show the ineptness of the music teachers: â€Å" I need considerably more clasp to be after if understudies with SEN are going to be going to my exercises † Furthermore, â€Å" I have bounty to make without agonizing over sorts who ca n't peruse or make † . Blending to this, a few educators would encounter progressively sure on the off chance that they could hold more arrangement on the most proficient method to learn music to understudies with specific guidance requests. Witchell ( 2001 ) states that teachers ‘ standpoints ought to be practical, and a made sure about technique for larning is required for SEN kids. Besides, the Philpott and Plumeridge ( 2001 ) recommend that arraigning an all encompassing assault that consolidates executing, forming and listening increments the common advancement of melodic development.Extracurricular work, all through school, for the VI kidsA school is a topographic point that goes about as a little network where individual can do companions and partake in gatherings and in various events. The outwardly disabled and each other specific guidance request kids have an extremely hard everyday arrangement as a result of the educator ‘s requests, and the treatments they are set abouting each twenty-four hours. In this example, it is rather difficult to request from these children to partake in any extracurricular action after school. Constraining the child to fall in any music gathering, requests more endeavor from the teacher and the child. In any case, there are numerous melodic outfit exercises that children can partake, which do non require documentation. A few outlines are: the Caribbean steel dish, the craftsmanship and exchange of the steel set, gamelan ensembles and various kinds, which require extemporization by the instrumentalists. In this occurrence outwardly weakened children can to the full participate at a similar degree with their classmates, and experience a feeling of uniformity and same capableness.Visually impeded children in the early old agesZimmerman ( 1997 ) outlined that kids who can see are all the more engaging on the grounds that they collaborate more. On the different manus, babies who are non-located may non interface so much, and might non get a similar reaction as the located children. During the early mature ages kids incline toward toys from wood or metal than plastic 1s on the grounds that the sound they produce is all the more energizing. Moreover, in this age outwardly debilitated chi ldren can make things happen varying media stuffs. A posting-box recording hardware can spread out nature and turn power over sound through listening pleasance. In the standard child's room school, the located child is take separating in singing nursery rimes and melodic games. Vision is the feeling that empowers children to connect lazy sounds with what they see. Zimmerman ( 1997 ) recommends melodic prompts so as to help the outwardly weakened children. The non-located ought to be offered clasp to contact the instrument, produce a sound by mistake and get down examining the instrument. One pleasant learning technique

Well I Know That Its a Wonderful World

Well I Know That It’s a Wonderful World I slept. I slept voraciously. I slept with a vigor to make up for all the lost sleep in the last 3 months. After obsessively refreshing the Academic Record page for like the n! time, it was a strange feeling to find a semesters worth of rushing over to Building 68 to turn in psets and late essay-writing nights with Jay Chou mixed with Les Mis playing in the background had turned into five simple letters and a two-digit decimal figure. How anticlimactic. This last semester passed by in a flash. Unfortunately, this semester also turned out to be rather less exciting for me because of the combination of directing an ESP program almost single-handedly and trying to manage 72 credits until mid-Nov (with orgo added into the mix which is more like 18 credits than 12). August rush. orientation. yay frosh! breezy walks across harvard bridge. omg what did you do over the summer?! jp licks runs. staying up all night. dance parties. new and exciting (for now) classes. japanese! understanding everything in class. meeting froshies. chinatown excursions. seagulls by boston harbor. sunshine. September 5.12. video games. exams. exams? EXAMS! 50/100 X( standard deviations. class average. tooling. renaissance. jan van eyck. raphael. solow model. cosi sandwiches. orange juice cartons. sleeping through lectures. new taiwanese restaurant! yay. satprep. satprep. SATPREP. EMAILS! PARENTS! STUDENTS! TEACHERS! madness. October retreat! scrumptious food. stanford. stanford splash! californian middle school kids. ex-mit stanford grad students. palo alto chinese food. warm sunny days. harvard square. add/drop form. golden leaves. ihouse social dinners! bbq. california pizza kitchen. prez debates + rhetorical analysis. ihouse brunch. grease. 51/100. mid-semester resolutions. ozonolysis. tempera. caravaggio. tenebrism. November tksgiving! dc. lincoln memorial. congress. white house. dc metro. black friday. nyc. reunion! food! long, long, loooong bus rides. elections! obama. change. massachusetts question one. short days. mit splash! middle school kids! craziness! 53/100. apple cider. conjugation. Hfr plasmid. vermeer. delacroix. monet. haystacks. December snow? no snow. :( exam 3. studying. hayden library. rotch 4th floor. thailand cafe takeouts. 4:30 pm sunsets. last day of classes. pizza. tooling. procrastinating. youtube. tooling. procrastinating. friday nights in the library. calculating grades. delirium. final papers. art history final. bio final. packpackpack. logan airport. snow! san francisco. tokyo. taiwan!!! on the 27-hour trip back from boston, i started and finished the brief wondrous life of oscar wao. listen, well let you go if you tell us what fuego means in english. i closed my eyes, unable to continue.

Essay on the Dark Side of the Mind Exposed in Cask of...

The Dark Side of the Mind Exposed in Cask of Amontillado A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong. With that statement, Montresor begins his tale of revenge deciding that the act must be slow and sweet and that in order to fully enjoy it, his adversary must be aware of his intentions. Hidden within those same few lines, lies not only this horrid plan, but also the true interest of its true author. In his Cask of Amontillado, Edgar Allen Poe reveals his supreme interest in the dark side of the human mind and heart. nbsp; Much of what a story means, much of its effect on the reader depends on†¦show more content†¦He is only concerned with attempting to understand the mind of Montresor as he commits the ultimate dark act of murder. nbsp; Throughout the story, Montresor shows that the murder was what is now called in the first degree - it was clearly preplanned and intentional. By giving [the attendants] orders not to stir from the house, Montresor shows that he was very aware of his actions. Even the placement of the bricks and mortar, as well as the clever concealment of the trowel reflect the final execution of a well thought out plan. In dialogue, Montresor also reveals his plan: Fortunato: the cough is a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of a cough. Montresor: True - true. Montresor says that it is true. Fortunato will not die of a cough, he will die at the hand of Montresor. The deep-seated hatred necessary for the preplanned extinguishing of anothers life shows this dark side which Poe so wishes to be understood. Poe seems to suggest that even if the readers have not physically carried out such a hideous act as that of Montresor, they have in their imaginations. nbsp; Even the calm way the story is related by Montresor causes the reader to wander further into the mind of the murderer - further into the dark side of the mind and of the heart. With the line for the half of a century no mortal has disturbed the bones, a new perspective on the story emerges. But even when the fact that the story was

Phase Definition and Examples

In chemistry and physics, a phase is  a physically distinctive form of matter, such as a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma. A phase of matter is characterized by having relatively uniform chemical and physical properties. Phases are different from states of matter. The states of matter (e.g., liquid, solid, gas) are phases, but matter can exist in different phases yet remain in the same state of matter. For example, liquid mixtures can exist in multiple phases, such as an oil phase and an aqueous phase. The term phase may also be used to describe equilibrium states on a phase diagram. When phase is used in this context, its typically synonymous with a state of matter because the qualities that describe the phase include the organization of matter as well as variables such as temperature and pressure. Phases of Matter The distinct phases used to describe states of matter include: Solid: Closely packed particles with a fixed volume and shapeLiquid: Fluid particles with a fixed volume but variable shapeGas: Fluid particles with neither a fixed volume nor shapePlasma: Charged particles with no fixed volume or shapeBose-Einstein condensate: A diluted, cold boson gasMesophases: Intermediate phases between solid and liquid There may be multiple phases within a single state of matter. For example, a bar of solid iron may contain multiple phases (e.g., martensite, austenite.) An oil and water mixture is a liquid that will separate into two phases. Interface At equilibrium, there is a narrow space between two phases where the matter doesnt exhibit properties of either phase. This region, known as interface, may be very thin, yet can exert significant effects.

The Atmosphere and its Layers Free Essays

How does the atmosphere affect conditions on Earth? What is Earth’s atmosphere composed of? How do pressure and density vary with altitude? What are the characteristics of the major layers of the atmosphere? Important Terms atmosphere alarm pressure barometer troposphere weather stratosphere ozone layer mesosphere troposphere Ionosphere aurora At 8848 meters (29,030 feet) above sea level, Mount Everest Is the highest mountain in the world. In 1952 Edmund Hillary, a New Zealand mountaineer, and Tenting Norway, a mountain guide from Nepal, became the first humans to reach the top. The climb was very dangerous for several reasons, including the extremely low temperature and low level of oxygen at the summit. We will write a custom essay sample on The Atmosphere and its Layers or any similar topic only for you Order Now When they finally made it to the top, the two men cheered and embraced. Then Hillary did something to prove a point ?he took off his oxygen mask. He wanted to show that a person could stay alive while breathing naturally at that high altitude. But after a few minutes, his vision began to fail. When Hillary replaced his mask, his vision improved. Then the two men started back down the mountain. Why did Hillary and Tenting need to carry oxygen to the top of Mount Everest? And why was It so cold there? The answers to these questions depend on how the alarm around Earth changes with altitude. Earth’s Protective Layer What you commonly call air, scientists call the atmosphere. The atmosphere (at mum safer) is the layer of gases that surrounds Earth. The atmosphere forms a protective boundary between Earth and space and provides conditions that are suitable for life. The atmosphere protects Earth’s surface from continual pounding by meteoroids, chunks of rock and metal from space. The atmosphere also protects Earth from much f the high-energy radiation from space. The atmosphere holds in heat and helps to moderate Earth’s temperatures. Without the atmosphere, Earth’s surface would be similar to the moon’s, boiling hot during the day and freezing cold at night. Earth’s relatively constant temperatures allow life to flourish. The atmosphere also provides the gases that are essential for life. Carbon dioxide In the atmosphere Is essential for plants and some other organisms to carry out photosynthesis. Photosynthesis Is the process of capturing the sun’s energy to make food. Oxygen Is produced during photosynthesis and released into the atmosphere. Your body uses oxygen to carry The atmosphere is a mixture of different gases. The composition of the atmosphere is fairly uniform up to an altitude of about 80 kilometers. Earth’s atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, and many other gases, in which tiny solid and liquid particles are suspended. As Figure 2 shows, two gases?nitrogen and oxygen?make up more than 99 percent of clean, dry air. The amount of water vapor in air varies from 0. 02 percent in cold, dry air to more than 4. Percent in warm, moist air. Various amounts of water droplets and solid particles are suspended in the atmosphere. Some solid particles can be seen as floating dust, but most particles are microscopic. These solid particles come from various sources, including smoke from fires, ash and dust from volcanic eruptions, and salt from ocean spray. Air Pressure The atmosphere has weight because of Earth’s g ravity. As a result of this weight, the atmosphere exerts pressure. Recall that pressure is the force exerted on a surface divided by the area over which the force is exerted. Air pressure is the force exerted by the weight of a column of air on a surface. At sea level, air pressure is about 101 ,325 Newton’s per square meter, more commonly expressed as 1013. 5 milliners. One Millard equals 100 Newton’s per square meter. Effect of Altitude. Air pressure changes with altitude. The atmosphere is densest near Earth’s surface and becomes less dense as altitude increases, as shown in Figure 3. Why is this? Air can be compressed, as it is when you pump air into a tire or a basketball. Near Earth’s surface, the column of air includes the entire depth of the atmosphere, so the pressure and density are high. As altitude increases, the depth of the column of air above decreases, so the pressure decreases. At high altitudes there is very little air in the column above, so air pressure is lower. As altitude increases, air pressure and density decrease. About half of the total mass of the atmosphere is found below an altitude of 5. 6 kilometers. When Hillary and Tenting climbed Mount Everest, they went well above this halfway point. As they climbed, the air became less dense. Hillary had trouble breathing without an oxygen mask because there were fewer oxygen molecules per cubic meter of air at the summit than at sea level. Measuring Air Pressure. Scientists measure air pressure with an instrument called a barometer. The first barometer was invented in 1643 by the Italian scientist Evangelists Torricelli’s. Torricelli’s invented a mercury barometer, similar to the one shown in Figure 4. As air pressure increases, the column of mercury in the barometer rises. As air pressure decreases, the column of mercury falls. Thus, a measurement of the height of a column of mercury is a measurement of air pressure. At sea level, the average air pressure is about 760 millimeters of mercury or, more commonly, 29. 2 inches of mercury. An aneroid (an uh rood) barometer is a smaller, more portable type of barometer. The word aneroid means â€Å"not using liquid. † Aneroid barometers use a metal chamber that expands and contracts with changes in air pressure. Temperature changes dramatically as you move up from Earth’s surface high into the atmosphere. Scientists use variations in temperature t o divide the atmosphere into four vertical layers. The four layers of the atmosphere are the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, and the troposphere. The Troposphere. You, along with many other living things, live in the layer of the atmosphere called the troposphere. The troposphere (troth pup safer) is the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere. This layer contains almost all of the atmosphere’s water vapor and suspended particles, which are important in the formation of clouds and reciprocation. Most weather takes place in the troposphere. Weather is the condition of the atmosphere in a particular place at a particular time. The height of the troposphere ranges from about 9 kilometers above the poles to 16 kilometers above the tropics. The average height of the troposphere is about 12 kilometers. In the troposphere, temperature generally decreases as altitude increases. Though it varies somewhat, the rate of decrease averages about 6. 5 Celsius degrees per kilometer. For example, if it is ICC where you are on Earth’s surface, then it is probably about ICC at an altitude of 2 kilometers above you. This characteristic of the troposphere accounts for the extremely low temperatures that Hillary and Tenting had to withstand when they scaled Mount Everest. The Stratosphere. Above the troposphere, as shown in Figure 5, is the stratosphere. The stratosphere (strata uh safer) extends from an altitude of about 12 kilometers to about 50 kilometers. The temperature of the stratosphere remains nearly the same from the boundary with the troposphere to an altitude of about 20 kilometers. Above that height, temperature increases as altitude increases. The temperature in the lower stratosphere remains about -ICC. Above 20 kilometers, the temperature rises to about COCO. The upper stratosphere is warmer than the lower stratosphere because of the presence of the ozone layer, a region of high ozone concentration. Recall that ozone is a highly reactive gas whose molecules are composed of three oxygen atoms (03). Most of the oxygen molecules you breathe are composed of two oxygen atoms (02). In the stratosphere, the energy of sunlight is great enough to split 02 molecules into single oxygen atoms (O). When an oxygen atom (O) collides with a molecule of oxygen (02), ozone (03) is formed. Ozone absorbs ultraviolet (XIV) radiation in sunlight and filters such of it out before such radiation can reach Earth’s surface. The energy absorbed from UP radiation is converted into thermal energy, warming the upper stratosphere. Because UP radiation can be harmful to living things, the presence of the ozone layer is extremely important to life on Earth. In humans, I-JP radiation can cause a deadly form of skin cancer. Certain chemical pollutants have been depleting ozone in the stratosphere, permitting more UP radiation to reach Earth’s surface. However, the release of such chemicals was limited by international agreements and national policies adopted in the sass. As a result, ozone levels in the stratosphere appear to have stabilized. The Mesosphere. The layer above the stratosphere is the 50 kilometers and extends to about 80 kilometers. In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases. At the top of the mesosphere, the temperature approaches -ICC. The air is very thin in the mesosphere. Studies in the sass discovered that air in this layer may move at speeds of more than 320 kilometers per hour. Most meteoroids that enter the atmosphere burn up in the mesosphere. The Troposphere. The outermost layer of the atmosphere, the troposphere (thru mom freer), begins at an altitude of about 80 kilometers and extends outward into space. No boundary marks the end of the atmosphere. Instead, the thin air of the troposphere gradually merges with space. In the troposphere, temperature increases rapidly with altitude, from about -ICC to more than 10000C. Recall from physics that temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules. Because gas molecules in the troposphere absorb solar radiation and move very fast, the temperature is quite high. The Ionosphere. The ionosphere (eye ann. uh safer) is not a distinct layer of the atmosphere. Rather, it is a region of charged particles, or ions, that overlaps the lower troposphere. In the ionosphere, molecules of nitrogen and oxygen lose one or more electrons as they absorb high-energy wavelengths of solar radiation. The molecules become positively charged ions. These ions are most dense between the altitudes of 80 and 400 kilometers. At these high altitudes, certain radio waves sent from Earth’s surface, such as AM radio waves, bounce off ions and travel back to Earth. You can often hear AM radio stations from very far away at night because the sun’s radiation is blocked by Earth. The ions start o recombine at night, allowing AM radio waves to travel farther. How to cite The Atmosphere and its Layers, Papers

Airlines Australian International Market -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Airlines Australian International Market? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this task is to provide a brief about the activities of the company Emirates. The Emirates Airlines is an organization which was originated in the year 1985. The airline is a subsidiary of The Emirates Group which is wholly owned by the government of Dubai. The company is the largest airlines of middle-east Asia which operates 3600 flights per week from its Dubai international airport to 140 cities or more in 81 countries and six continents. Further it shall also be noted that the company has attained fourth position in worlds largest airlines. Activities of Emirates are divided into two sectors that are Emirates SkyCargo and Emirates Executive. SkyCargo is an air freight division of the company which was originated in the year 1985 and executive was originated in the year 2013 by the company to provide assistance of corporate and private charters (Emirates, 2018). Further, the below mentioned report talks about the marketing mix of the company Emirates. Marketing mix refers to the combination of factors which tells about the attribute of the company. This tool is helps organizations in pursuing their marketing objective. The task explains 8ps that are product, price, place, promotion, physical evidence, people, distribution and partnership. Furthermore, it explains the competitive analysis of the company and contemporary issues faced by the management. More details about the task are discussed below: The marketing mix of Emirates airline is discussed below: The company has a mixed fleet of products in their portfolio like Airbus corporate charter and Boeing wide body aircrafts. In order to gain competitiveness the company always remains competent and innovative with its products and services provided in the market. The products of Emirates include excellent and consistent services which paved the way for the company to rapidly grow in the international as well as domestic market. The company provide both personal and profession approach towards their customers so as to increase the level of satisfaction (Farouk, Cherian, Shaaban, 2017). The company is the first one to supply personalized videos, shower facilities and private suite in their aircrafts. This activity of the company helped them to gain acceptance in the whole market. Further the services are provided as first class, business class and economic class services. Further it shall be noted that apart from providing airlines services the company also provides better housing and healthcare facilities to its employees so as to keep them happy and satisfied (Beik, Galbraith,2016). As Dubai is a link between the east and the west part of the world, so that the company gains the advantage to serve more services at low cost in the market. Emirates serve low cost tickets in the market, if compared to other airlines companies. The company uses shortest available routes and offer direct flight services to its customers so as to eliminate the increment in the cost on tickets. Further, due to direct flights in many destinations the company enjoys the advantage of effective pricing policy in the market. With this policy the customers also save their income which increases their satisfaction level towards the company (Mumtaz, 2017). Emirates also hire people at low cost which automatically reduces the fare charges and low pricing strategy. The company also uses the dynamic pricing strategy to manage the seat capacity on the airplanes so as to get highest available price to every seat which they sell. This results in flexible pricing of the seats. Being headquartered in Dubai, the organization manages all its operations from Dubai airport itself. Further Emirates operates around 3500 flights averagely in a week and the network of the company is spread through six continents and eighty one countries and one hundred and forty cities in total. Further the company is indulged in providing non-stop commercial flight services via long routes like Dubai to Dallas, Los Angles, Houston and San Francisco (Shaw, 2016). Emirates also use strategic hub locations to gain the top most position of global transporter in the external market. This activity also helps the company to maximize their benefits as well. The airlines believe is providing direct flights to the customers to increase their level of satisfaction. Distribution strategy is use by the company to allocate and distribute tickets through travel agents and tour operators present in different parts of the market. The company also provides various services through its official website (Coleman, 2015). Promotion The organization launched a promotional campaign for the airline to become more competent in the target market. Fly Emirates. Keep Discovering is the slogan of the company, and the vision of the company is to build and maintain a position among the global leaders of the airline industry. Considering to that, the company developed above par performance by taking calculative risks and adequately using all the available resources. The company develops marketing tactics to attract more and more customers in the market. Special discounts and package travel tickets etc. are offered to the customers in the market (Charter, 2017). Further the company also launched special but limited packages for children in their promotional plan. Under this package the parents were allowed to travel with two kids of less than sixteen ages; and the cost of accommodation, travel and food would be free for the kids (O'Connell, Bueno, 2016). This campaign was named as The Kids Go Free. Physical Evidence The company Emirates mainly focuses on providing quality services to its customers and provides a pleasant experience while travelling. The company has a dedicated terminal in Dubai which includes the state of art and culture for the comfortability of people. As discussed above, the organization is the first one to provide shower facility, personalized videos etc. in their flight which provide a good ambience to the passengers (Min, Joo, 2016). The airlines have new fleets that are highly equipped with entertainment facilities for its customers. The stylish office buildings, lounges at airport add an additional feature to the fame of the company. A passenger while travelling with an airline wants to travel safely and properly reach their destination. So, the cabin crew of Emirates gains the trust of the customers so that they do not hesitate to communicate their problem on board. So, inn this way the physical evidences helps the organization to increase the satisfaction of customers of the company (Emirates, 2018). The company has 64,768 people in total working with them who are working in the organization with a motive to increase the satisfaction level of the customers. Apart from the customers of the company, the management also aims to satisfy the employees in the market as well. The company has a huge family of employees working with them who belongs to different parts of the world. The management adequately takes care of the cross culture activities so that no persons interest is harmed with their actions. Concerning to interest of the employees, the company also provides bonus to them so as to keep them happy (Emirates, 2018). Talking about the customers, the company carries more than 50 million people with them. So, the organization needs to take care of the requirements of the customers. The employees of the company are 24* 7 available for the customers (Redpath, O'Connell, Warnock-Smith, 2017). Distribution Distribution process includes the distribution of products and services offered by the company. The backbone of the company is its services provided in the market. The management of the company constantly aims to provide maximum optimization of their services to the customers in the market. The organization provides first class lounges, special and additional services, customer relation management services in the environment. All such activities are streamlined on end to end process so that the customer can attain services according to their requirements (Kotler, 2015). The cabin crew of the company distributes quality services to the customers with utmost priority. The company is also known for their welcoming nature and being placed in an airlines company it is important for Emirates to welcome all guest with the cultural heritage so as to increase the sales transaction of the company. Lastly, the website provided by the company helps the company acknowledge themselves with all services provided by the company in the market. The customer can also tell their issues to the company online. The management is 24*7 available to solve the issues of the customers (Wensveen, 2016). Partnership Partnership is initiated by the organization so as to improve their strengths in the market. With respect to that, the company Emirates has partnered with various organizations of same industry to become competent in the target market. Like, Emirates partnered with Qantas to provide services in western parts of the world. This alliance helped the company to reach in those parts of the world where it was impossible for them to reach alone. Further it also helped the company to gain more international customer base in the market. The joint venture collectively helped both the companies to earn good amount of profits in the market. Emirates Skywards has also partnered with various organizations to achieve success in the target market (Holland, Jacobs, Klein, 2015). Marketing Strategy The organization has segmented the market in two basic categories that are, profitable and unprofitable sector. The profitable sector is the business traveller and unprofitable sector is one economic class services provided by the company. The business class passengers of the company give the highest profit to them. Further the company targets the customers who aim to get luxury services in the market. People between the age group of 30-60 are targeted by the company in the market. Emirates Company is positioned at a premium place in the market. The company is known for providing good and innovative services in the market (Piltz, Voltes-Dorta, Suau-Sanchez, 2018). Competitive Analysis The company Emirates initiated various strategies in order to stand high in front of its competitors in the target market. Strategies like cost containment, customer focused etc. were initiated by the organization in the market. Further it shall be noted that the aviation industry has high degree of competition and the competition which the company Emirates faced in the market is discussed below: Etihad and Lufthansa are the major competitors of the company in the market. Further the information about both the companies is discussed below: Etihad Airways Etihad Airways was established in the year 2003 as national airlines of UAE in the market. The company has combined its partnered with many organizations in the market some of them are, Aer Lingus, Virgin Australia, Air Seychelles, and Air Berlin etc. The company is second largest airlines of the UAE after Emirates. So, it shall be noted that Emirates is bigger than Etihad in terms of growth and market share in international environment (Etihad, 2018). Lufthansa The European airlines industry is dynamic and has competition among various companies as well. Deutsche Lufthansa AG was originated in the year 1926 and then re-originated in year 1954. The company is a flag carrier of Germany and is the largest airline of Europe in terms of overall passengers carried as well. Also in international context, the company comes on the fifth position in terms of passenger base. The company serves in 18 domestic, 183 international and 78 countries across 4 continents. Further along with its partners, the company serves in total 410 destinations worldwide. Further comparing both the companies, it shall be noted that Emirates is a fast growing organization and Lufthansa is used to match up to the activities of the company. The company is behind Emirates in terms of revenue and operating profit. Thus, it shall be noted that Emirates Airways is working excellently in its field and is adequately satisfying the requirements of the customers as well. Resulting to which, the company is being placed on the most position in aviation industry of UAE and has more customer base than its competitors. The organization gains the opportunity to penetrate the market growth by expanding its activities in various parts of the world and diversifying their business by partnering with various organizations (Yin, Dargusch, Halog, 2015). Contemporary Issues faced by organization As the company has gained the title of worlds longest airline route in the market due to which the organization faced challenges to survive in the market. The contemporary issues faced by Emirates are listed below: Competition: competition is one of the biggest challenges for the company as there is presence of many rivals for the company in the airlines industry. As discussed above the company has many competitors present in the market. But it shall also be noted that Emirates is prevailing on the highest position in the target market. Competition is one aspect which is constantly present with the company; resulting to which it acts a pressure on the organization to work efficiently otherwise the competitors will overtake them in path of success. Further it shall also be noted that the company needs to spend huge amount of money to keep them competent in the market (Wang, Hsu, 2016). Technology: Technology is an important issue for the organization. The aviation industry keeps on fluctuating and there is constant introduction in innovative technology due to which many times the organization face problem in keep them intact with the technological upgradation. It takes time for the employees to understand the advanced technology and apply them in the activities of the organization; also there is risk for the company while using new technology. If the employees do not correctly apply such innovation then the customer might face problem in this case (Logothetis, Miyoshi, 2016). Labor Unrest: The employees of the organization suffer the problem of unrest. As the activities of the organization run 24*7 due to which the employees suffer. Many times the pilots boycott due to which the company faces the crunch of employees resulting in dissatisfaction of the customers in the market. The cabin crew employees walk out from the company because of pressure of the work (Tembleque-Vilalta, Suau-Sanchez, 2016). Brand reputation: In order to maintain the reputation in the market, the company needs to maintain the image formed in the market. As discussed above the company is positioned at a premium place in the market due to which the customer gets attracted towards the services of the company. So, in order to maintain that image, the needs to hire efficient employees on a regular basis and invest in promotion etc. activities as well. This cost high for the company (Fageda, Suau-Sanchez, Mason, 2015). Fuel Prices: Fuel prices are one of the biggest concerns in the airlines industry as the price keeps on fluctuating. The company cannot increase the prices of tickets in the market otherwise it will dissatisfy them. Also they cannot bear the high price of fuel themselves, so this acts as a major concern for the company. Recommendation The following recommendations can help the company to attain growth in the target market. The details are discussed below: The company shall aim to reduce its operation cost investing in technology which gives them monetary benefit in the market. The cost shall be controlled so as to improve the activities of the organization effectively and efficiently. Reduction in cost will also increase the profits of the company. The organization shall adequately take care of their pilot and other employees. The management shall not pressurize them to work more and they should provide them good workplace environment as well. Also the organization shall focus on providing low cost carrier services as well. As these services are at a boom in the market due to which more customers prefer these low rates services in the market. Companies like Easyjet provide low cost carrier services in the market due to which more customers prefer such services. Further the organization shall diversify their business in different parts of the world. They shall also initiate partnership with different companies of aviation industry so as to increase their customer base as well. Further the company shall also adequately fulfill their corporate social responsibilities in the market. Conclusion Thus in the limelight of above mentioned events, it shall be noted that the company running successfully in the target market. Emirates Company is regarded as best airlines company present in UAE. The company offers premium airlines services, also the organization is known for providing innovative technological services in the market. The company is a part of Emirates group. Further the above mentioned task discusses about the marketing mix of the company along with the information about its competitors and issues faced by them in the market. Thus, report adequately justifies the requirements of the task. References Beik, N., Galbraith, J. (2016). Fan identification and the perception of the sponsor-team fit: The case of Emirates Airlines and Arsenal FC. Charter, M. (Ed.). (2017).Greener marketing: A responsible approach to business. Routledge. Coleman, M. (2015). Regulatory Responses to the Challenges Facing Large European Carriers in the New Global Market.The Air and Space Lawyer,28(1), 1. Emirates, (2018). About Us. Viewed on February 2, 2018 from https://www.emirates.com/in/english/about-us/ Emirates, (2018). Environment. Viewed on February 2, 2018 from https://www.emirates.com/in/english/about-us/environment/ Emirates, (2018). Leadership Team., Viewed on February 2, 2018 from https://www.emirates.com/in/english/about-us/leadership-team.aspx Etihad., (2018). Corporate Profile., Viewed on February 2, 2018 from https://www.etihad.com/en-in/about-us/corporate-profile/ Fageda, X., Suau-Sanchez, P., Mason, K. J. (2015). The evolving low-cost business model: Network implications of fare bundling and connecting flights in Europe.Journal of Air Transport Management,42, 289-296. Farouk, S., Cherian, J., Shaaban, I. (2017). Low cost carriers versus traditional carriers and its impact on financial performance: a comparative study on the UAE airlines companies.International Journal of Value Chain Management,8(4), 325-341. Holland, C. P., Jacobs, J. A., Klein, S. (2015). An analysis of consumer search patterns in the German airline market using panel data. InInformation and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2015(pp. 87-100). Springer, Cham. Kotler, P. (2015).Framework for marketing management. Pearson Education India. Logothetis, M., Miyoshi, C. (2016). Network performance and competitive impact of the single hubA case study on Turkish Airlines and Emirates.Journal of Air Transport Management. Min, H., Joo, S. J. (2016). A comparative performance analysis of airline strategic alliances using data envelopment analysis.Journal of Air Transport Management,52, 99-110. Mumtaz, S. H. (2017).Analysis of Mental Health Issues and its Implications On Cabin Crew at Emirates Airlines(Doctoral dissertation, Middle Tennessee State University). O'Connell, J. F., Bueno, O. E. (2016). A study into the hub performance Emirates, Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways and their competitive position against the major European hubbing airlines.Journal of Air Transport Management. Piltz, C., Voltes-Dorta, A., Suau-Sanchez, P. (2018). A comparative analysis of hub connections of European and Asian airports against Middle Eastern hubs in intercontinental markets.Journal of Air Transport Management,66, 1-12. Redpath, N., O'Connell, J. F., Warnock-Smith, D. (2017). The strategic impact of airline group diversification: The cases of Emirates and Lufthansa.Journal of Air Transport Management,64, 121-138. Shaw, S. (2016).Airline marketing and management. Routledge. Tembleque-Vilalta, M., Suau-Sanchez, P. (2016). A model to analyse the profitability of long-haul network development involving non-hub airports: The case of the BarcelonaAsian market.Case Studies on Transport Policy,4(2), 188-197. Wang, S. W., Hsu, M. K. (2016). Airline co-branded credit cardsAn application of the theory of planned behavior.Journal of Air Transport Management,55, 245-254. Wensveen, J. G. (2016).Air transportation: A management perspective. Routledge. Yin, K. S., Dargusch, P., Halog, A. (2015). An analysis of the greenhouse gas emissions profile of airlines flying the Australian international market.Journal of Air Transport Management,47, 218-229.

A Comparative and Contrast analysis of Everyman and The Wanderer

Everyman is an old English morality play with an anonymous writer. The play presents the idea of salvation in the Christian context. It is believed that the author of the play wrote it during the late fifteenth century (Frohman, 10; Flesch, 179). The play shows Everyman traveling on a long journey to account his life to God.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparative and Contrast analysis of Everyman and The Wanderer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The teaching the play presents is that God records Everyman’s character and actions, which represents the actions and characters of an ordinary person, after death as in a book. On the other hand, The Wanderer presents the case of a man who is in exile and roaming the earth (Channing, 1). This man laments for the loss of his family members, friends and he hates being away from his kind king. In the middle of disillusionment and despair, The Wanderer remember s that it is good to have faith in God in order to be saved. According to The Wanderer, salvation is based on faith in Christ rather than in a man’s own deeds. The Wanderer and Everyman have both similar and contrasting ideas. The author of Everyman used allegorical characters to present his message (Cummings, Para. 6). These characters include Death, Everyman, God, Fellowship, Goods, Good Deeds, Knowledge, Strength, Five Wits, among others. The first scene of the play shows God looking at Everyman from heaven. He sees that Everyman loves the goods and possessions of this earth and has forgotten him. Everyman is young, rich and preoccupied with worldly things. He not only forsaken God, but also despises his fellow human beings who are poor. God therefore becomes angry with Everyman and send his servant Death to take a message to Everyman that he has to embark on a long journey (Effinger, para.1). Everyman is therefore required to put himself in order and be ready for the jour ney because Death reminds him that there is no returning from that journey. Because of his love of the world, Everyman tries to bribe Death to leave him to continue enjoying his life on earth. However, Death refuses. Everyman tries to ask his Friends, Fellowship and Kinsmen to accompany him for the journey but they let him down. After prayers and penance, his friend Good Deeds, whom he had forgotten for a long time, gets enough energy to accompany him and assist him in presenting his case before God. All the other friends who had promised to go with Everyman like Strength, Discretion, Beauty and Knowledge leave Everyman as he enters the grave.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The wanderer is an old English poem that presents an old warrior who roams the world in search of accommodation and help (Gerould, 63). The poem is a monologue where the aging warrior presents his gri evances. The unknown author gives the introduction and conclusion of the poem. The wanderer is sorrowful for being in exile (Alexander, 63). He laments for losing his family members, friends, and his home and remembers his caring king. Through his dreams, the Wanderer sees himself in the company of his friends and kinsmen and sees himself embracing his king. He wakes up from his sleep to find himself in his exile, faced with gray winter, snowfall and hailstorms (â€Å"The Wanderer Summary†, Para. 1). Further, on the Wanderer’s second monologue, he considers giving up self-control since he considers them similar to ways of meeting diversity. The wanderer also sees many negative things and destruction happening in many places as he travels than in his own society. This poem also links the values of pagans and Christians in an unfair combination. The author’s voice in the poem refers to God and shows the importance of having virtues like faith, an issue that the wa nderer seems to have forgotten. The Wanderer through his lamenting, however, gives an indication of upholding values like loyalty, generosity, courage and strength. The wanderer appears resigned in life. The wanderer appears resigned in life (â€Å"The Wanderer poem,† para. 3). However, at the culmination of the poem he brightly illustrates his lack of companionship and anticipates for the previous days in which life was more interesting. He finally concedes to his faith in God. There are several themes and characters presented in both Everyman and The Wanderer. Some of these point towards similar ideas while others are contrasting. In both episodes, faith in God is presented and God is shown and acknowledged as the sole controller of the universe. Men are seen to forget God and concentrate more on the cares and concerns of earthly issues and only come to remember God when they are in problems. Everyman forsakes God and loves earthly goods and riches than God. This is why he is not ready to leave his earthly possessions and even offers to bribe Death to leave him stay on Earth.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparative and Contrast analysis of Everyman and The Wanderer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Everyman remembers his good deeds when he finds that no one stands with him. We are also informed that he remembered the days he used to serve his God. The Wanderer also is too much worried of his fate on earth and forgets his God as he journeys the earth. The wonderer comes to remember his God when he is aging and admonishes us to put faith in God. They also agree that man needs some virtues while travelling through this world. They agree that man often needs to put his relationship right with God. He needs generosity, strength, good deeds and courage. For Everyman, he needed Good Deeds to present his case before God when he reached heaven. He also needed Strength, Beauty and Five Senses to go with him in the journey. The wanderer also admonishes us that we need strength, courage, generosity, loyalty and faith in God throughout our journey on Earth. These works use allegorical characters to present their message. While Everyman uses allegorical characters such as Goods, Good Deeds, fellowship, Five Senses among others (Cummings, Para. 6; Lawrence and Reich, 204), The Wanderer uses an allegorical character of â€Å"the life of a man in the image of a sea-journey† (Gordon, para. 1). There are a number of differences that can be identified from the two literature materials. Everyman is a play while The wanderer is a poem. Everyman uses many allegorical characters to present the message while the Wanderer uses one soliloquy character to present the message. The narrator in The Wanderer makes the introduction and conclusion. Everyman believes that good deeds are necessary to save a person. This is why he goes for repentance and penance to give Good Deeds s trength to accompany him in his journey. The Wanderer on the other hand believes in salvation by faith. He believes that faith in God is enough to save a person without deeds. Thus, The Wanderer presents the theme of salvation by faith in Jesus Christ, while Everyman presents the theme of salvation by works. In conclusion, the two literature materials present the themes of Christianity, isolation and betrayal by the trusted friends (Marin, Para.2; Marsden, 327; Treharne, 42). They use characters that are in a journey on earth. The Wanderer is in exile while Everyman is traveling to God. Even though these materials present similar themes and messages, they also conflict in some ideas. Conspicuous in the texts is the difference in the means by which people gain salvation. While Everyman believes it is by works, The Wanderer believes it is by faith in Christ. Everyman and The Wanderer reflect the life of ordinary men on earth and their Christian walk. Everyman shows the evils people do against their fellow human beings and against God. The two stories reflect the life on an ordinary person on earth and advices people to live a life they know they will give an account of at last.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Alexander, Michael. The earliest English poems. London : Penguin, 1991. Print. Channing, William E. The wanderer: a colloquial poem. Boston : J. R. Osgood and Co., 1871. Print. Cummings, Michael J. â€Å"Everyman: A morality Play Written in the Late 1400’s by Unknown author.† Study guides. Web. Effinger, Sandra. â€Å"The Summoning of Everyman: A Student Guide.† MsEffie. Web. Flesch, William. The Facts on File companion to British poetry 19th century. New York: Facts on File, 2010. Print. Frohman, Charles. Everyman : being a moralle playe of the XV centurie. Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger, 1903. Print. Gerould, Gordon H. Old English and medieval literature. Freeport, NY: Books for Libr. Press, 1970. Print. Gordon, I. L. â€Å"Traditional themes in The Wanderer and the Seafer.† Justor.  Web. Lawrence, Cunningham, and Reicg, John J. Culture and Values: a survey of the humanities. Boston, M.A.: Wadsworth Pub. 2005. Print. Marin, Lucian E. â€Å"T he poem the Wanderer.† The Wanderer.  Web. Marsden, Richard. The Cambridge Old English reader. Cambridge: Cambridge University press, 2004. Print. â€Å"The Wanderer Poem.† World Lingo. Web. â€Å"The wanderer summary.† The Wanderer (Magill Book Reviews). 2010. Web. Treharne, Elaine M. Old and Middle English c.890-c.1400: an anthology. Malden, Mass: Wiley Blsackwell, 2004. Print. This essay on A Comparative and Contrast analysis of Everyman and The Wanderer was written and submitted by user Theodore Evans to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The World is So Big, Yet So Small

The World is So Big, Yet So Small We sit in our chairs behind desks or at the kitchen counter on our laptops, and feel protected from the world yet a part of it. The shy parts of us try to convince us that we are just as connected as if we were on tour. The web has joined us all together. Then we wonder why we dont have followers, or why we arent selling books. Anyone can throw up a blog. Anyone can buy an ad, and goodness knows anyone can toss a book on Amazon. All of that does little for your platform. That is . . . unless you have a blog that knocks the socks off people thanks to your controversial way of presenting things, or your works wax ridiculously lyrical. Blogging about your life, your day, your thoughts on writing . . . how is that different from the next one hundred blogs What Im trying to say is there is nothing magical about putting yourself out on the web. Followers dont suddenly find you because you purchased a domain name and hired someone to build you a WordPress site. You arent Kevin Costner, and people dont come to your blog because you built it. If Ive learned anything in the book side of my profession, its that people want to see you. Ive spoken to a room of three hundred or as few as two. Some appearances are more predictable than others, but the truth is you present with the same quality and passion. These folks are there to see you, experience you, learn from you. You might be amazed at how much they appreciate you putting yourself out there, with some of the most loyal fans coming from small events. Most of my strongest supporters have met me. From a library in Bettendorf, Iowa to a writers conference in a rec center cafeteria in Wadesboro, North Carolina. From the basement of a bank in Black Earth, Wisconsin to the sun porch of a home in Newberry, South Carolina. When you meet people, make eye contact, and read their body language, you form a more memorable bond. The writer becomes real, more worthy of endorsement because they took the effort to be there in the flesh. That took planning, driving, the cost of travel. Be willing to genuinely meet people. Dont hide in a string of twenty authors. Be willing to smile and share a minute with a stranger. Dont forever hide behind your screen. Yes, the world is huge, but making the effort to shrink it and stretch your social skills with a handshake and real conversation forges long-time fellowship. Thats the strongest platform you can create. And you dont have to travel the globe to find it. Your hometown venues work just fine.

PR Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PR Assignment 2 - Essay Example Most of the employees are familiar with the people working in public relation department therefore it becomes quite easier for them to communicate their grievances (Dennis). 2. Fernando Figueredo, head of multicultural practice for Porter Novelli, suggests that there are some unique characteristics shared by three major minority groups. These groups include Hispanics, African and Asian Americans. 3. These three groups are going to control majority of the businesses of USA. Frequent immigrations to USA on part of the people belonged to these groups suggests that USA is regarded as a platform from where entrepreneurs can unleash their potential. Corporations in general while FMCG’s in particular should start to recognize these groups as a separate market segment which have different needs and wants as compared to their American counterparts. Therefore marketers should try to reach Hispanics, Africans and Asians in a culturally relevant manner. This technique will support the re-purchase behavior of consumers. There are many corporations which are trying to reach consumers in the way they want. Mc Donald and Pepsi are among such corporations. Therefore it can be concluded that diversity among consumers should be viewed as an opportunity to earn more profits rather than considering it a threat (Dennis). 4. The use of social networking websites is growing at an exponential rate. The workplace is also not safe from use of social networking websites. Therefore employers have to take steps so that employees can concentrate on the work. I believe that employers are right if the are blocking the social networking websites during office hours. Employee is expected to give his full time and energy when he or she is on the job. 5. Employee should not consider it something negative because office timings are those timings in which he has to contribute towards the overall productivity of the organization. If I will not be allowed by my

JAPANESE PUBLIC SCHOOLS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

JAPANESE PUBLIC SCHOOLS - Essay Example Instead, students from America have pressure to attain satisfactory grades despite the period they spend in school being minimal. This is unlike in Japan where students attend school for 240 days per year with the holidays being during the spring season a period that the students work on their homework and projects. This makes the students to be skillful in comparison with those of United States. United States is a multicultural state which makes it hard for schools to be managed. This is unlike in Japan where the culture is uniform making it easy to manage the students and treat the students uniformly. This has an impact on the overall performance of students. School curriculum in Japan is effective with the aim being to pressure students to work hard in school. It has various tests that the student must pass in order to move to the next level. In case, a student fails to pass these exams, there are career oriented schools that are aiming at nurturing the students’ talents. This is unlike in America where those who fail to pass to the next level look for their fate in the society making some of them venture in criminal activities. American curriculum varies depending with the state. This division weakens their curriculum as different states have their methods of teaching. This is unlike in Japan where they use a unified curriculum giving the educational ministry a chance to strengthen the

The Garden Company Limiteds performance in the hong kong market

The Garden Company Limiteds performance in the hong kong market Introduction According to the assignment guidelines, students are allowed to choose either a service company or a manufacturing company for this report. I have chosen a manufacturing company in Hong Kong with global supply chains the Garden Company Limited (hereinafter called Garden). Their major upstream suppliers are from the US, Canada, and Australia whereas their two biggest downstream suppliers in Hong Kong are supermarkets Wellcome and ParknShop. Although Garden products are also being sold outside Hong Kong and China, including the Northern American, Canadian, Australian markets, I would focus this report only on its market in Hong Kong. Background information of the organization The Garden Company Limited is a Hong Kong-based bakery and confectionery manufacturer. The company was one of the first Chinese owned business as created to sell Western-style food products in Hong Kong, but also has a global supply chain network. Founded in 1926, Garden has experienced rapid societal changes and technological advancement in the past 80 years. Today, they are still persisting with their paramount values in quality, innovation and advancement. Garden supplies thousands of food products to todays retail and catering markets, with many of their products internationally awarded. As one of the largest bakery production corporations in Hong Kong, they are well equipped with state-of-the-art large-scale equipment. Their technology, quality, output and market development have long reached International Standards. Gardens wide assortments of products, high sales volume and extensive market penetration have long been broadly recognized. To further cope with rising market demand, they continue to inject large sums of investment into product research and development as well as upgrading their technology and production hardware. The various production procedures are completed with the most sophisticated equipment in their factory. Computer automation is integrated in all the processes from production to packaging, fully manifesting the remarkable results brought about by scientific management. Furthermore, their principal factory in Sham Tseng with a total area of 70,000 square meters carries out the production lines for bread, cakes, biscuits, candies etc. Unlike most firms in Hong Kong, Garden was a pro-China company and had been supplying bread to Chinese army during World War II. The firm closed its operations during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong from 1941 to 1945. The company expanded with the growth of Hong Kong before and after World War II and benefited from the influx of immigrants from Mainland China. In the 1980s and 1990s, Garden products were shipped overseas to Chinese communities around the world. Besides their major business in Hong Kong, Garden has also been actively taping into the Mainland China market since the 1980s. Factories had been set up in Dong Guan and Yang Zhou to introduce the advanced technology into the food manufacturing industry of the Mainland. Achieving the ISO9001 certification in 1997 was a milestone in their history. It demonstrates that Garden, with its world-class corporate management and modern operation system, is a globally acclaimed food manufacturer. Today, the company remains a privately owned family (Cheung family) business with several joint ventures with mainland Chinese firms. It is one of the few Hong Kong firms with manufacturing operations still in Hong Kong. All Garden products are made of the finest ingredients selected from all around the world, for example their barley is from Australia, flour from the United States, milk and butter from New Zealand, just to name a few. Their long-standing experience, fully-automated technology and packing equipment together with careful quality control guarantee that every product of theirs can meet strict quality testing and safety standards in many countries. With the past 80 years of excellence, Garden has successfully established itself as a distinguished brand supported and favored by many consumers around the world. Their products currently reach many major Chinese communities in as far as Europe and America. Today they are actively developing overseas markets in order to offer their quality foods to consumers in different corners of the world. With more than eight decades of experience in food production, the Garden Companys determination in offering quality products and services and its innovative spirit are as strong as ever. Looking ahead, they will continue with their commitment to producing nutritious and quality food with the pursuit of perfection. QIE, which stands for Quality, innovation, Efficiency, serves as Gardens corporate mission with the objectives to lead their staff to pursuit of superb quality, continuous innovation and achieve efficiency enhancement. It is through the implementation of QIE that the recognition and reputation of their brand have been greatly elevated. To realize their goal of QIE, the Company puts LTC Learn, Think, and Communicate into practice with all their working together to continuously improve the manufacturing of quality products, developing new technologies and new product values so as to satisfy the ever-heightening needs of consumers. SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis Strengths: Garden has a global brand, it is a strong brand, strengths including brand recognition, brand quality, economies of scale, strong distribution network, strong distribution chain, supply chain, strong international operations, online growth, good reputation, reputation management, market share leadership, effective marketing strategy, experienced personnel, strong management team, effective communication, extensive customer base, loyal customers, cost advantage, asset leverage, competitive pricing, original and unique products, high research and development, advanced equipments, innovation, etc. Apart from all these company strengths, they are famous in Hong Kong. I believe that all households in Hong Kong consume their products, one or the other on a regular basis. They are considered second to none in the bakery industry. Weaknesses: Due to Gardens huge range of products, coupled with a substantial global retail network, bad communication is unavoidable, it happens from time to time. Furthermore, they experience diseconomies to scale, at times over leveraged financial position, and weak corporate governing practice. Since Gardens range of products is for the public in general, many of their competitors go to the upper end market, for example to high class customers such as hotels and delis, and leave Garden in the lower end market for many years. Opportunities: Garden basically has a healthy financial position. They did some acquisitions, merger and takeovers on a small scale basis. They also tie up with international events to capitalize on synergy opportunities for growth of the operation. They continuously look for new markets; expand in Asia, expand into online shopping; decrease its taxation through donations to charity organizations. In the era of emergence of international middle class, and change in consumer lifestyles, they are constantly changing their products to expand their customer base, and their service lines like new products such as drinks and snacks, and new service such as mail order. Threats: Although Garden has a lion share in the bakery industry, they have many competitors in the high end sector. With Hong Kong returning its sovereignty to Mainland China, Garden is facing many financially strong competitors from the Mainland. There are new competitors from the Mainland entering into this relatively small market. As far as their foreign business is concerned, foreign exchange rate changes affect its imports/exports strategies. The volatility in fuel costs, rising costs of business, pricing pressures, potentially slowing global economy, changes in demographics, change in consumer lifestyles, changing to cheaper technology, substitute products, changing consumer patterns, growing power of customers to set the price etc. are possible threats Garden has been facing during the past few years. Porters Five Forces analysis Competitive Rivalry within an industry: Since multi-market competition exists, rivalry between competitors in the industry is extremely intense. Companies in the industry have started new businesses to increase the level of competition with one another and compete heavily for geographic markets. There is no clear dominant market share player in the industry. Though the industry currently has relatively high growth, much of the business is cyclical, which leads to intensified competition in economic downturns. High fixed costs also contribute to intense competition. More recently, the continued growth of online shopping, mail orders, combined with increasing awareness of door to door logistics arrangements have been giving Garden headaches and they have been streamlining their services in this competitive environment. A few remarks are listed below to introduce some of Gardens international and local rivalries. Sara Lee Corporation Sara Lee Corporation is a global consumer products company with food, beverage, and household and body care lines of business. With powerful brands, such as Ambi Pur, Ball Park, Douwe Egberts, Hillshire Farm, Jimmy Dean, Kiwi, Sanex, Senseo and its namesake, Sara Lee, the company has leading positions in numerous categories in the more than 180 markets in which it competes. In Hong Kong, Garden has two main competitors in its frozen and fresh breads. For frozen breads, it major rivalries are Maxims, Sara Lee. For fresh breads, Garden is facing numerous small size competitors, in particular in the western style restaurants which bake on an everyday basis for its afternoon tea customers. Competitive Rivalry is a strong force in the bakery industry because the competitors use price cuts to compete, there is a low cost product range and there is ease in switching brands, and the companies in this industry can diversify and acquire other companies for strategic growth and for synergy purposes. Threat of New Entrants: The threat of new entrants into this industry is relatively low because of the scale required to make companies in the industry competitive. Capital demands to fund all of the assets required in the industry are extraordinarily large, making competition from entrepreneurs or small companies very difficult at this level of market competitiveness. Economies of scale are necessary for the business to be profitable and because of the intensity of rivalry, customers are difficult to attract. While the basic service of shipping goods would be relatively easy for new entrants to imitate, the competitors in the industry have created value and high switching costs for their customers through proprietary technologies. Threat of New Entrants is a weak force in this industry. Each company currently in the industry has strong brand images, leaving a harder job for new companies. The capital expenditures to start a bakery company are large, and the companies currently are achieving economies of scale by going global. Any smaller company will not be able to achieve these right away, not allowing them to compete on prices. Another factor threatening potential entrants is trade tariffs and international regulations. Most companies currently in the industry have already established relations with foreign countries. New companies will have to prove themselves to foreign companies, suppliers, and customers. Threat of Substitute Products: The threat of substitutes is currently high for the industry, but major technological or governmental foods regulations could change that. As mentioned above, although Garden has a lion share in the bakery industry, they have many competitors in the high end sector, for example Maxims, Saint Honore, Tai Pan Bakery etc. Garden is also facing many financially strong competitors from the Mainland. The latter produce substitute products such as dumplings, dim sums to suit the changing consumers taste. This is one of the many reasons why Garden has been continuously modifying the ingredients and packaging of their products during the past few years. Threat of Substitute Products is a strong force in this industry. There are plenty of substitute products in the market. Bakery retail outlets such as Maxims, Saint Honore, Tai Pan Bakery etc are conveniently located in all the 18 zones. One can literally find either one of them in almost every main street in Hong Kong. These competitors also offer very competitive prices which make potential consumers lose their brand loyalty and easy to switch to another brand. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Suppliers bargaining power is fairly low in the industry, but different suppliers have slightly different pricing strategies to fight for their survival. Competitors are also on the same footing with suppliers, as they are all subject to the same prices, although they may have hedged differently. Labour is a major factor of production in the industry and differences between companies regarding labour contracts subjects them to varying degrees of supplier power. Suppliers of raw materials, components, labor, and services (such as expertise) to the firm can be a source of power over the firm, when there are few substitutes. Suppliers may refuse to work with the firm, or, e.g., charge excessively high prices for unique resources. This is a strong force if the suppliers serve different industries with their raw materials. If a supplier only has accounts or the majority of their accounts with different companies, they will not be able to control prices and supplies. Bargaining Power of Buyers: Customers in the industry initially have power, but once they commit to a bakery, their bargaining power decreases significantly. New customers can easily shop around for price or level of service in the beginning, but once they have chosen a bakery and buy their product, they are usually loyal to them. Customers are likely to become loyal to a certain provider because of long-standing relationships or personal interaction with the company. This is a moderate force in this industry because competition keeps prices similar among the companies. The only difference is degree in loyalty. Also, the buyers of the services in this industry are reactionary. They do not know the technology before it happens. They become dependent on the technology, service and speed offered by the companies in this industry and will pay for it. SCOR (Supply-Chain Operations Reference) Model Planning activities: Gardens target customers are the public in general, whether they be as young as 2 years old, to as old as 99, they could be Gardens customers. Their pricing strategy is value for money. Their marketing slogan has been nutrition you need every day with the highest quality. These planning activities have proved to be most successful and made Garden the leading supplier in the bakery industry, in particular in the breads, biscuits and cakes sectors. Sourcing activities: According to the reading materials I searched and found, Garden has been purchasing all the baking ingredients directly themselves. However, they do outsource through logistic companies in their delivery activities. Locally, they need to deliver their fresh breads every early morning to hundreds of retail outlets. They also need to deliver fresh buns to all McDonalds franchisees. Furthermore they also deliver a range of fancy breads to airline caterers, hotels and restaurants. Internationally, they outsource transportation companies as well as freight forwarders for special orders such as wedding and birthday cakes. Internally, they outsource information technologies, finance and accounting, sales and marketing, foods testing etc. just to name a few. Make or production activities: Gardens upstream suppliers are worldwide. These included but not limited to flour, sugar, milk, cocoa, vanilla, wheat, soda powder, etc. again just to name a few. Countries included but not limited to (in alphabetical order) Australia, Canada, China, Europe, Latin America, and the United States. Bread Production Gardens bread production lines operate on a 24-hour basis, of which one is the first fully-automated line for hamburger buns in Asia. Apart from the retail market, they provide a huge volume of wholesale goods, which include bread, pastry and frozen dough products to major fast food chains, restaurants, hotels and airline catering services in Hong Kong. With their far-ranging businesses, they are committed to providing consumers with better choices with continuous innovations. Biscuit production Garden possesses diverse expertise, equipment and automated production lines to produce a wide variety of biscuits including wafers, cookies, sandwich biscuits, saltine, crackers and assorted biscuit gift packs to meet market demands. Cake production Their wide range of cakes has long been famous for its high quality and great taste. To cope with market demand, Garden produces cake products with highly efficient production lines, of which one is fully computerized for producing mini-cakes. With a wholehearted contribution from over 1,200 employees, Garden has established itself as the most reputable manufacturer in the local industry. Order processing information systems All market interactions, from the understanding of aggregate demand to the fulfillment of each order are not done wholly by Garden internally themselves. Some logistics are being outsourced, in particular for the overseas markets in Northern and Latin America, Australia, Europe, and Canada. Garden normally receives their orders through phone, fax and e-mail or e-order. Its IT department uploads orders to the printing invoice system. Automatically, these invoices pass to its distribution department for delivery. After deliveries, these invoices will be, again automatically, sent to its accounting department. The latter department then issues credit notes to the appropriate customers. Currently they are still using the information systems designed by IBM. Quality Control foremen in Garden are made responsible to ensure that expiry date, and appearances are properly done, and presentable. All delivery vans must have the correct temperatures for the different kinds of products. Delivery activities: Different transportation teams are required for different products. Fresh breads, frozen breads, biscuits are being delivered by the China and Hong Kong transport teams. Fresh bread team has about 60 vehicles to deliver 4,000 orders per day. These trucks are recognizable easily on the streets. Frozen breads and biscuits teams have about 20 vehicles to deliver 400 orders per day. Three trailers are being outsourced for the Mainland China and Hong Kong markets. As mentioned above, Garden does outsource through logistic companies in their delivery activities. Locally, they need to deliver their fresh breads every early morning to hundreds of retail outlets. They also need to deliver fresh buns to all McDonalds franchisees; deliver a range of fancy breads to airline caterers, hotels and restaurants. Internationally, they outsource transportation companies as well as freight forwarders for special orders such as wedding and birthday cakes. Not only that Garden wants to manufacture the best products, they also want to provide their best delivery service. Return activities: Garden guarantees its products are fresh and proper. They promise their retailers that they will replace any damaged or rotten items, that is if that happens. Garden has agreed with their retailers that they will pick up any expired items on their shelves. Assess how well the organization implements the supply chain management As mentioned right at the beginning of this report, Gardens major upstream suppliers are from the US, Canada, and Australia whereas their three biggest downstream suppliers in Hong Kong are supermarkets Wellcome, ParknShop and Mcdonalds. As far as this report is concerned, I would focus in the downstream supply chains; and before I go into how well Garden implements the supply chain management, I would like to introduce Gardens major downstream supply chains Wellcome, ParknShop and Mcdonalds. Wellcome Wellcome is Hong Kongs longest-established supermarket chain, they have an overall staff of 5,000 in more than 240 stores and serves more than 14 million customers every month. ParknShop ParknShop is one of the two largest supermarket chains in Hong Kong (the other is Wellcome Supermarket). ParknShop operates more than 260 outlets in Hong Kong, Macau, and Mainland China. ParknShop has more than 200 stores and 9,000 employees in Hong Kong. Mcdonalds McDonalds Corporation is one of the worlds largest chains of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving nearly 47 million customers daily. Most of their breads in Hong Kong are supplied by Garden. Although Garden does supply their products to airlines catering companies, hotels and restaurants, as well as supply chains such as 7 Eleven, Circle K and etc., I am not going to introduce these supply chains on a one on one basis. Basically these supply chains are owned by substantial and listed companies with well-trained management teams. Top management, as well as middle management personnel at Garden have very good business relationships with their supply chains. They have properly done legal contracts specifying all the details in supplies and payments. I have not been able to find any past news regarding any communication breakdowns between Garden and its supply chains. I have neither been able to find any past law suits about Garden suing any of its supply chains for non-payments, nor any company suing Garden for not delivering its responsibilities although there have been rumors that Garden has been finding it more and more difficult to get their payments on time during the past few years. Based on these findings, I believe Garden has been successful in its supply chains management activities. Suggest solutions/ways to improve the organization business; especially by improvements on supply chain management of the organization Supply Chain Management (SCM) is not created to suit for every company. It can succeed only with top management commitment and managers loyalty in executing those management strategies. Gardens management teams need to spend time in evaluating whether new SCM, inclusive of international networks, is suitable to be implemented into their company and how it could be successful. Garden bread has long history in Hong Kong that the fundamental target market should be the mass public served as the stable diet. With the increasing awareness of healthy eating, the variety of healthy consciousness products have been promoted like multi-grained, whole wheat, high calcium low fat breads. It is the general social trend and also serves as one of the marketing strategies that focus on the targeted middle-class, office-ladies and health consciousness customers. The relative advantage of Garden obviously is its long history and well-developed manufacturing factories, well-connected distribution channels, competitive retailing price and, of course, the well-known and long established brand name. On the other hand, these relative advantages might contribute some shortcomings in terms of the flexibility of market positioning and variety of products in response to the ever-changing and ever-increasing market force. Personally I am disappointed with Gardens decade-long use of coconut oil as an ingredient for their biscuits production. According to certain food magazines, too much consumption in coconut oil is bad for our health. Although all the reading material I found have been saying good things about Garden, nevertheless Garden is not a listed company, it is a privately owned company. They do not have to disclose any of their operation details to the public. Particularly, they do not have to disclose their financial position apart from to the Inland Revenue. My perception of Garden is that it is a very old style traditional company. Its top management includes family members of the founder. It is purely family business. Its image is not catching up with the young generation. Their product range is also conservative. It does not give any modern flare to attract those expats from the west. They focus on Asians so far, that means there is a huge expats market for them to develop. Garden reminds me of the Green, Yellow and White Arrow brands chewing gum company. The latter company has been too conservative and has not been innovative to catch up with the new entrants. Hence, Green White Arrow chewing gums have been losing market share. Until today, they have not been able to gain back what has been lost. The image of Garden should shift to focus more clearly on each market segment. For instance, Garden should develop a Gourmet production line which emphasis on the finest ingredients, the innovative design, for example in its packaging, and its advertisements. They could consider making more choice of breads, land cakes similar to those recipes from Italy and France, or from Europe at large. In order to shave off the old stable diet image, instead, the building up of the delicate and professional crafted food and to state that not only the five stars hotels can produce but Garden can also make and even better. The efforts to make sure managers do well in the SCM program and not treat it as another flavor-of-the-month include but not limited to the followings. Firstly, Garden has to ensure that the companys SCM strategies are specifically designed. Secondly, the SCM program need to meet their customers demands and reduces the companys costs. Thirdly, the management team must buy-in the program. Also, all the benefits included from the program such as customer responsiveness, more consistent on-time delivery; shorter order fulfillment lead times; reduced inventory costs; lower cost of purchased items; higher product quality; faster product innovation and etc. must be clearly explained to all the concerned managers so that they know the importance of the program. Garden must ensure that the staff concerned understand the objectives of the program, for example to better utilize the company resources and yet with higher product quality. Finally, if managers do well in implementing and executin g the program, the company should consider giving them incentive such as bonus or additional rewards other than their normal compensation. This will give them more motivation to continue to run the program. Garden has to do detailed surveys and researches to find out what are the products that their customers demand. They should listen to the voice of their customers. Their views and suggestions could in turn help the company to produce specifically the range of products the customers need. The company could also utilize their findings for meetings and discussions with their suppliers, both upstream and downstream and production managers to reduce the order processing time and inventories. The company would also be able to produce higher quality products with lower prices and less order processing time. In this way, the company would be more responsive to both their customers and suppliers. By doing the above, the company would be able to expand its market share from other competitors. Further possible improvements can be capitalized in the advances in technological and informational environment. These improvements have major implications for all industries, particularly logistics. If used effectively such advances may be a key source of competitive advantage. The technology listed below may become a competitive edge advantage for Garden in the future. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) not ready to implement? Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the use of an object (typically referred to as an RFID tag) applied to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification and tracking using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader. It works like a barcode, but instead of having to be passed in front of a scanner for recognition, tiny transponders (known as tags or chips) send out radio signals. Each tag is small, robust and unique so any one item can be tracked individually throughout the supply chain. Logistics and transportation are major areas of implementation for RFID technology. For example, yard management, shipping and freight and distribution centers are some areas where RFID tracking technology is used. Transportation companies around the world value RFID technology due to its impact on the business value and efficiency. The new technology is currently seen as too expensive to put on individuals products, but large companies already use it to track shipping items. RFID trials have met with mixed customer reactions. As with many such technical advances the effects can be both positive and negative. RFID technology is currently unsophisticated and largely applied to logistical operations. Training of staff and informing all internal stakeholders as to how RFID technology works and can benefit the company, stating the impact on customers so that companies are able to improve their operations. Global Positioning System (GPS) The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a U.S. space-based global navigation satellite system. It provides reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services to worldwide users on a continuous basis in all weather, day and night, anywhere on or near the Earth which has an unobstructed view of four or more GPS satellites. GPS has become a mainstay of transportation systems worldwide, providing navigation for aviation, ground, and maritime operations. Installing GPS systems for delivery vehicles can increase the efficiency and effectiveness in delivering products. Even though transportation companies offer tracking and insurance services to their customers, there are still chances that the customers packages might be lost or stolen. Imagine a GPS chip attached to the delivery packages; it can then be tracked anytime. Adding this technology can boost the customers confidence about Garden. Conclusion Gardens supply chains are owned by substantial and listed companies with well-trained management teams. Garden has very good business relationships with their supply chains. Garden has been successful in its SCM activities. For further improvements, Garden should keep themselves abreast of the current important trends being developed in the business arena, for example electronic commerce has been widely used. Experienced users reveal that e-business reduces costs and time. It creates less conflict between suppliers and consumers. Garden must realize that very few industries are protected geographically; competition is getting more and more fierce. Gardens determination to change as the contents mentioned-above is critical for its advancement. With Gardens top management teams commitment, together with managers efforts, I believe that Gardens staff is more willingly to change and Garden has a good chance of success in improving its current SCM program. During the process of finding reading material for this exercise and thereafter digesting the material, I became more familiar with what

Platforms of Different Party Systems Essay

The Libertarian Platform, as presented by the Libertarian National Committee, Inc. placed a high value on the individual freedom and restricts possible limitations that the government or any authoritarian power might inflict. The sovereignty lies upon the individual and not in the government; meaning the individual has a complete control of their lives. â€Å"Freedom† is defined as not being subjected or forced to do something by anyone else. It is further supplemented that the government exist to protect and respect the individual’s freedom and individual rights. The three basic individual rights that libertarians aim to uphold are the right to life, the right to liberty of speech and action and the right to property. The platform further discussed that Libertarians ‘oppose all interference of the government in the areas of voluntary and contractual relations between individuals’ Furthermore, the government reserves no right to force individuals to do’ sacrifices to benefit other people’. The platform also highlighted that the Libertarian supports ‘free trade and free market’. In a more detailed discussion of Individual Rights, Personal Liberty is defined under the consideration that individual freedom requires the individual to accept any possible consequence that may result to his execution of such freedom. To this end, the Libertarians support the proliferation of ‘full freedom of expression and communication, personal privacy, personal relationships (whatever gender or relationship a person may want to engage in), and abortion’. It also supports to recompense the victim to the fullest extent that is achievable at the cost of the criminal and against any possible cutback of legal safeguards of the accused’. The Libertarian party upholds the ‘common-law right’ of the juries to help or guide them in their judgment, not just of the ‘facts alone, but also justice of law’. In terms of Economic liberty, Libertarians oppose any form of ‘redistribution of wealth or control of trade’ by the government and its representative/s. In specific details, concerning property rights and contracts—the individual may engage and may do anything that he/she wants with and/or within his/her property provided that his/her action/s will not infringe the rights of other people. The Libertarian Party Platform also mentioned that the Libertarians oppose possible ‘violations of liberty of contract, right to private property as well as freedom to trade (not to trade)’. Concerning the environment, Libertarians explained in their platform their belief that the ‘free markets and property rights motivate and encourages individuals and companies as well to protect the environment’. Government- the Libertarian claims holds no responsibility for the damage done to the environment. Also, Government according to the Libertarian platform should not ‘subsidize energy’ thus; government shall have no control on the pricing and regulation of energy and its sources. Another issue under Economic Liberty deals with Government finance and spending. The platform stated that the party ought to ‘call for a repeal of the Income tax’ and that the Libertarians support the ‘Balanced Budget Amendment’ which will cut on governmental expenditures instead of collecting taxes. The Libertarians are also not in favor of incurring debts under the assumption that this will burden the future generation. Other Economic concerns deals with free-market banking, opposing government subsidies to businesses, promotion of employment by repealing laws that ‘possibly impede’ employment and oppose other governmental interference in the labor market, non-interference in the children education, re-establishing a free market health-care system and private-voluntary retirement system. In terms of issues surrounding the Security of Liberty, the Libertarian Platform highlights that providing ‘security’ shall be the only ‘purpose of the government’. In regards to National Defense, the Libertarian platform mentioned that they will support ‘sufficient military’ that shall be able to defend the country from aggressor/s; nonetheless, they do not intend to promote or to continue any form of ‘compulsory national service’. In line with the priority of individual tights, the platform described that intelligence agency should be transparent and open to public scrutiny. The libertarians are also against foreign intervention policies specifically providing any military and economic aid/s. Also the platform mentioned that Libertarians are against bigotry and/or any form/s of discrimination. The Libertarians also promotes a more representative form of government to encourage people from all walks of life to participate in the government. Lastly, the platform mentioned ‘self-determination’ which shall support the people if they want to replace the current government with another which shall further protect the people’s liberty. The Democratic Party The Democratic Party Platform is pushing towards the concept of ‘unity in diversity’ with the primary goal of the people and their way of life while helping to construct a more peaceful, more prosperous, safer and more democratic world. The platform includes security policies that are focused on military and supporting national freedom. The platform also includes several criticisms about the Bush administration and the use of force instead of diplomacy in most situations. The democratic platform also encourages that weapons of mass destruction shall be eliminated since it is a threat to the country. The Democratic Party believes that the promotion of democracy, the rule of law and human rights are all vital to the country’s long-term security. The Democrats according to their platform in 2004 would like to uphold an international standard for ‘treatments of Prisoners’ specifying that ‘torture is unacceptable’. The democratic platform also talked about Iraq’s military and political situation, Africa’s health and human rights issues, Europe nations as America’s Atlantic ‘allies’, Asia’s economy and support, securing Israel in the Middle East, help in establishing and/or maintaining peace in Northern Ireland, cooperating with Russia in terms of proliferation of –democracy, rule of law and human rights, reinforcement of democratic values to the Latin America and the Caribbean. The Democratic Party would like to address with the global health issues which the democrats believed to be a ‘humanitarian obligation and a national security imperative’. The platform also mentioned the promotion of international economic development as an imperative which shall spread ‘peace across the globe’. Another focus of the platform is the ‘strengthening of the military’ by expanding ‘active duty personnel’ with an approximate of more or less 40,000 new soldiers. Another proposed strategy was the creation of the ‘New Total Force’ which will be a group of Special Forces that has double capacity than before. Then the democratic platform also suggests the creation of 21st century weapons which will use the modern-day technology. There is also a mention of the best possible training for soldiers, enactment of ‘Military Family Bill of Rights’ and better use of national guards. Other focus of the platform includes independence in Energy resources by finding a way to create renewable energy, building energy-efficient vehicles, finding other alternatives of producing electricity, moving beyond OPEC, cutting energy used by the federal government and promoting conservation among others. The platform also vows to create more good jobs, supporting the middle class, reforming health care system, improving education by making college more affordable and protecting the environment through acts and government programs.